The ʻApapane and the ʻŌhiʻa Are Interdependent

The ʻapapane can’t resist the sweet nectar of the lehua blossoms on the ʻōhiʻa! Understand why the relationship between this endemic duo is unique, and how they survive in their rainforest habitat.


Target Grade Level: 2 (but readers of all ages may enjoy and learn something new!)

Guided Reading Level: M


Pāhana ʻĀina Lupalupa (PAL) is a series of Hawaiian culture-based science readers. PAL integrates Hawaiian language, culture, and place-based content with literacy and science concepts that meet national standards. Developed in ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi and translated into English, this exciting series was created through partnerships among a group of Hawaiʻi educators, literacy specialists, and Hawaiian-language resource developers in consultation with scientists and cultural practitioners.